Conquests, Diplomacy, and Governance
Execution of Halil Pasha
Twenty days after the conquest of Istanbul, Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror returned to Edirne and took decisive action against Halil Pasha of Qandarli for his collaboration with Byzantium. Halil Pasha was executed, and his considerable wealth, amounting to 120,000 gold ducats, was seized. This event marked the first execution of a Grand Vizier in Ottoman history and highlighted the state’s practice of seizing assets from executed officials, contributing significantly to the Imperial Treasury’s income.
Diplomatic Engagements
Sultan Mehmet initiated diplomatic correspondence with various regions, including Egypt, Persia, Mecca, and Western countries, informing them of the conquest. Envoys from Serbia, Mora, Genoa, Trebizond, and Ragusa presented valuable gifts and agreed to pay annual taxes as a sign of allegiance. Hungary avoided invasion by agreeing to pay a significant annual tax of 30,000 ducats Private Guided Turkey Tours.
Expansion and Taxation
The Ottoman Empire expanded its territories in Europe and the Orient, nearly tripling its boundaries. Newly conquered provinces like Kastamonu were subjected to high taxation due to their rich resources, contributing to the Empire’s revenue. Kastamonu’s inclusion in the Ottoman Treasury ledger reflected its economic significance.
Urban Development
Upon returning to Istanbul, Sultan Mehmet ordered the restoration of the city. Construction began on his first palace in Teodosius Square, later replaced by Istanbul University in the Beyazit district. The construction and subsequent use of Topkapi Palace led to the old palace being referred to as “Eskisaray” in historical records Diplomatic Correspondence and Gifts.
Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror’s reign was characterized by military conquests, diplomatic engagements, and urban development. His decisive actions, such as the execution of Halil Pasha, underscored his commitment to governance and statecraft. Through diplomacy, taxation, and territorial expansion, Sultan Mehmet strengthened the Ottoman Empire’s position as a dominant force in both Europe and the Orient while laying the foundation for Istanbul’s urban development.
